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101 carti de necitit intr-o viata | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
Ce citim |
Scris de Ninel Ganea |
Vineri, 17 Iunie 2011 09:29 |
In fine, astazi un ziar de mare tiraj din Romania le propune cititorilor sai o colectie intitulata “101 carti pe care trebuie sa le citesti intr-o viata”, iar din selectia autorilor nu lipseste “Cele o suta douazeci de zile ale Sodomei”, de Marchizul De Sade.
Primul lucru demn de mentionat este faptul ca ni se propune un canon, intr-o epoca in care se presupune ca au disparut toate criteriile, standardele si judecatile estetice absolute. Autorii au alcatuit o lista de carti relevante, in opinia lor, pentru orice persoana educata, caci cum altfel am putea numi pe cineva care citeste? Pe de alta parte, scurta insiruire a scriitorilor avansati spulbera din start orice idee de canon literar sau estetic, deoarece alaturi de Shakespeare (“Othello si Imblanzirea Scorpiei”) sau Dostoiesvki (“Crima si pedeapsa”) ne sunt propuse nume ca Ann Rice (“Interviu cu un vampir”), Jane Hamsher (“Nascuti asasini”), Stephen King (“Shining”), Choderlos de Laclos (“Legaturi primejdioase”) sau marchizul mai sunt amintit. Practic, autorii colectiei nu au avut in minte decat un singur criteriu: cel comercial. Altfel nu se poate explica alaturarea unor nume respectabile cu unele atat de pestrite. De asemenea, este izbitoare preponderenta unor romane ce au cunoscut faima ca urmare a unor ecranizari de succes. Ceea ce nu ar fi rau, dar atunci poate ca numele colectiei ar trebui schimbat. Dar nu cred ca astfel de amanunte vor schimba prea tare intentiile cumparatorilor, mai ales ca volumele sunt tiparite bine si au coperti frumoase care dau bine intr-o biblioteca unde mai exista rafturi pentru carti. Chiar daca alaturarea Shakespeare – Ann Rice sau Jane Hamsher – Dostoievski e cel putin caraghioasa. Revenind la ideea de canon si aristocratul francez, cred ca exista o lista esentiala de lecturi pe care cineva trebuie sa le parcurga pentru a putea fi numit educat (o sugestie poate fi gasita aici), la fel cum exista o lista interminabila de carti care nu merita a fi citite, nici macar pentru a vedea ca “asa nu se cuvine”, chiar daca astazi motto-ul intregii lumi este “anything goes”. Iar din ultima categorie face parte si “Cele o suta douazeci de zile ale Sodomei”. Ce poate invata bun cineva citind o carte precum cea a Marchizului De Sade mi-e greu sa imi dau seama. Dar daca scopul lecturii il reprezinta initierea in violenta, in perversiune morala si de alta natura, in sadism (termen derivat din numele autorului), in nihilism, in ideea ca omul nu reprezinta decat o masina, iar femeia o masina pentru sex, atunci nu ma pot gandi la o sugestie mai relevanta. Si daca toate coordonatele de mai sus se intalnesc din abundenta in lumea moderna, atunci originile intelectuale trebuie cautate in autori precum “divinul marchiz”. “Placerea sexuala este, admit, o pasiune careia toate celelalte ii sunt subordonate, dar in care toate se unesc”, este una din maximele “Sodomei”, ce poate functiona, de altfel, si ca un rezumat al operei lui Sigmund Freud sau al culturii de consum contemporane. Fara sa intre in detaliile sordide ale vietii lui De Sade, unul din cei mai inteligenti critici ai operei sale, Aldous Huxley, scria: “The real reason why the Marquis could see no meaning or value in the world is to be found in those descriptions of fornications, sodomies and tortures which alternates with the philosophizing of Justine and Juliette...His philosopical disquisitions, which like the pornographic day-dreams, were mostly written in prisons and asylums, were the theoretical justifications of his erotic practices (s.n.)”. Cu alte cuvinte, fiecare justifica ceea ce traieste, iar un om bolnav sufleteste ca aristocratul decadent nu facea nimic altceva in scrierile sale. Intr-o lume cat de cat normala, cum era Vechiul Regim, un autor ca Marchizul de Sade era inchis de familie la azil din dorinta de a proteja lumea de nebunia sa. Astazi, modernii iluminati ni-l propun drept etalon artistic si moral.
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