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| Libertarianismul imposibil | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
| Polemici |
| Scris de Ninel Ganea |
| Duminică, 09 Iunie 2013 21:15 |
Gustave de Molinari, un economist mai putin cunoscut, dar un pionier in teoria agentiilor de protectie privata, a renuntat si el in anii de senectute la principala sa contributie. Exista si exemple mai putin sonore, dar ma voi opri pentru moment aici. In alte situatii, cele mai frecvente, de altfel, perspectiva se schimba radical si in loc de mantra “piata va rezolva” apare obsesia “drepturilor omului”, “neoconservatorismul”, “postmodernismul”, “ecologismul”, in fine, toate simulacrele socialismului reinventat. In aceasta directie “nomina sunt odiosa”, dar exemplele pot fi gasite cu mare usurinta. Radicalismul libertarian se imbina de minune cu agitatia tineretii, dar nu cred ca schimbarile de filozofie sunt legate inextricabil de modificari hormonale. In spate se ascunde ceva mai profund decat simpla agitatie specifica varstei. Insa zilele trec, iar discutiile din cafenele si retele nu mai aduc nicio satisfactie. Oamenii nu se schimba si nu iau in seama nici vorbele, nici ideile sale revolutionare. Lumea se plictiseste, socialismul castiga teren sub forme tot mai insidioase si libertarianul se trezeste ca nu are niciun fel de radacini mai solide. Succesul la public este insignifiant, perspectivele academice sumbre, iar cele financiare pe masura. In contextul in care nu are un angajament filozofic mai profund, singura solutie o constituie reinventarea. Problema nu sta, in mod necesar, intr-un accident biografic, ci in orginile intelectuale ale doctrinei. Fiind in mod pronuntat o ideologie moderna, libertarianismul are cateva puncte slabe inerente: o preferinta de timp foarte mare a adeptilor, o idolatrizare a regulilor, implicit un anistorism falimentar, si o antropologie iluminista comuna cu socialismul cel mai dur. Jacob Huebert, insa, sustine ca libertarianul ar trebui sa fie, dimpotriva, o persoana cu o preferinta de timp scazuta. “It's high time preference – the need to see results in Washington now – that leads libertarians astray. It's what has made people latch on to politicians who don't really share our values. It's what has made people pursue political projects that would actually move us in the wrong direction, such as school vouchers and so-called social-security privatization”. Desi recomandarea e admirabila, din nefericire, Huebert nu ofera niciun argument pentru care lucrurile ar trebui sa stea astfel. Tot ceea ce ne spune el este ca, indiferent de ce se va intampla, libertarianul detine adevarul, iar asta e suficient, mai ales cand ceilalti se afla inca in pestera cunoasterii. “Unlike most people, we can see the state for what it is. Unlike most people, we can understand what's going on in the economy. Unlike most people, we have the truth, and in many important respects, the truth has already set us free.” Lasand la o parte problema Adevarului, ideea ar fi ca libertarianismul reprezinta doar o filozofie foarte partiala, reductionista, fara o reteta de fericire, fara o morala consistenta, alta decat legalismul drepturilor de proprietate, fara o estetica, samd. Fiind compatibil cu atat de multe filozofii ireconciliabile e un semn de slabiciune inerenta, dupa cum avea sa constate, printre altii, chiar Rothbard in asocierile sale. Oamenii nu pot adera, pe termen lung, la un proiect care nu le ofera decat satisfactia unei teorii corecte a statului. Nu exista suficiente legaturi care sa le sustina comunitatea. Fiind moderni, si pe cale de consecinta, cu o preferinta de timp ridicata, libertarienii vor schimbari cat mai rapide, mai ales ca detin adevarul. Cine ar putea astepta pasiv nasterea anarhiei, cand detine tocmai secretul existentei? Rational este sa grabesti lucrurile in directia dorita si asta cat mai repede cu putinta. In sensul acesta, orice solutie la indemana poate fi utilizata, de la declansarea revolutiilor alaturi de egalitaristi fanatici, pana la dictaturi stiintifice, cu credinta ca evolutia merita a fi dirjata din cand in cand. De asemenea, spre deosebire de ideologiile concurente, precum comunismul, libertarianismului ii lipseste o teorie a istoriei. In timp ce socialistii asteapta inevitabilul eschaton egalitar, libertarianului ii este imposibil sa se consoleze doar cu gandul ca poate, candva, eventual prin decret, de undeva din empireu, se va reusi instaurarea anarho-capitalismului. Pur si simplu, el va dori paradisul promis de teorie aici si acum. Si cum aceasta situatie este atat de improbabila, singura solutie ramane o reorientare strategica spre filozofii mai profitabile in ordine practica sau academica. De aici apare virajul atat de des intalnit spre o stanga intotdeauna mai pragmatica si mai flexibila. Nu cred ca situatia libertariana este fara o iesire onorabila sau ca rezolvarea ar constitui-o abandonarea totala a teoriei. In esenta, inclin, pe urmele altor ganditori mai profunzi, spre ideea ca legarea filozofiei libertatii de o ancora- morala (religioasa) in primul rand- mai solida, intuita,de altfel, de Rothbard, reprezinta unicul drum pentru a salva lucrurile. Insa, chiar si asa, problemele radicalismului si ale anistorimului nu cred ca pot fi rezolvate. Astfel ca libertarianismul ajunge, in cele mai fericite cazuri, doar un capitol important din parcursul unei vieti orientate in special spre reforma sinelui si nu a societatii in ansamblu, cu un ochi mereu atent la lectiile istoriei si ale prejudecatilor. In rest, nu raman decat “proiecţiile funeste în imediat ale unor ”crezuri” depersonalizante”. |




Cine are curiozitatea sa arunce o privire pe biografiile ganditorilor libertarieni va constata, cu oarecare stupoare, ca filozofia radicala, sustinuta in anii tineretii a capatat, in multe cazuri, la maturitate, nuante mult mai blande. Murray Rothbard, de pilda, a devenit, spre sfarsitul vietii, nu doar un admirator al barocului bavarez, ci si fidel ideii ca libertatea poate fi cladita doar pe un soclu crestin. “I am convinced that is no accident that freedom, limited government, natural rights, and the market economy, only really devoleped in the Western Civilization. I am convinced that the reason is the attitudes developed by the Christian Church in general, and the Roman Catholic Church in particular. ….even though I am not a believer, I hail Christianity, and especially catholicism, as the underpinning of liberty”. Distanta ideologica fata de perioada in care piata rezolva orice, iar alianta dintre tron si altar (vezi “The Libertarian Manifesto”) reprezenta un comunism “avant la lettre” este considerabila.

